具有启发性的教案可以激发学生的思考和探索欲望，教案的准备能够帮助教师更好地理解和掌握教学内容，确保教学的准确性和深度，下面是52心得网小编为您分享的牛津树教案优质7篇，感谢您的参阅。
牛津树教案篇1
Ⅰ. 不定式句法功能
1. 作主语：the cat said, “to take roller coaster” is terrible.
不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。
→ the cat said, “it’s terrible to take roller coaster.”
how long did it take you to take roller coaster?
how terrible it is to take roller coaster?
不定式作主语常见句型：
a) it is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式
b) it is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + 不定式
eg. it’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of no.3 middle school.
c) it takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式
eg. it requires patience to be a good teacher.
2. 作表语：当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。
eg. our most important task now is to make a plan.
注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。
eg. the only thing we can do now is wait and see.
3.作宾语
the cat said “remember not to take it next time!”.
a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等
天津卷12题：i don’t want _____ like i’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
a. to sound b. to be sounded c. sounding d. to have sounded
当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。
the cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.
b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。
eg. we have no choice but to wait.
cf. we can do nothing but wait.
4. 宾语补足语
在svoc句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。
a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等
you should get them to help you.
但在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作宾补，不跟to do…
eg. they believe him to be honest.
b) 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to
①一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等
②一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等
don’t let the children trouble you.
i heard someone open the door.
但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上to
his father made him go to bed early.
→he was made to go to bed early by his father.
5. 作定语
不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等
eg. he hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.
②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等
eg. his eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.
③序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：
she was the only person to survive after the earthquake.
tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。
eg. he’s always the first to come and the last to leave. 主谓关系
i’ve no time to listen to your excuse. 同位关系
she has a meeting to attend. （动宾关系=attend a meeting）
there’s nothing to worry about. (动宾关系=worry about nothing)
6. 作状语
不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
①to…, in order to …, so as to …(不能放在句首)作目的状语
20辽宁卷22题：all these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for christmas.
a. in order to have received b. in order to receive c. so as to be received d. so as to be receiving
②在so…as to, such….as to, only to …结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to…用于表示意想不到的结果。
he hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.
③enough to, too…to结构
eg. the boy isn’t old enough to go to school.
= the boy is too young to go to school.
④形容词（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构
eg. i’m glad to meet you.
the question is different to answer.
he is hard to get along with.
7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。
eg. to tell you the truth, i hate you.
8. 作同位语
eg. the order to start the general attack soon came.
不定式的复合结构，以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：for sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
it is necessary for me to learn english well.
如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。
eg. it’s very kind of you to come to see me.
连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。
eg. no one can tell me where to find john.
when to the exam is still unknown.
the problem is how to get enough money.
不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式
①不定式的进行式由to be + v-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。
eg. some students pretended to be reading english when the teacher came in.
②不定式完成式由to have + v-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
eg. 年江苏卷no.25
--- is bob still performing?
--- i’m afraid not. he is said _______ the stage already as he has become an official.
a. to have left b. to leave c. to have been d. to be left
答案是a
③不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be v-ing和完成式被动to have been v-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。
eg. it is an honour for me to be invited to the party.
the book is said to have been translated into many languages.
2005年辽宁卷no.22
all these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for christmas.
a. in order to have received b. in order to receive c. so as to be received d. so as to be receiving
动名词
1. 动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。
①作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。
eg. seeing is believing. (眼见为实)
saying is easier than doing.
collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)
动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：
it is no use (good) + 动名词：做某事没有用
eg. it’s no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)
there is no + 动名词 (= it is impossible to do sth.)
eg. there is no knowing what may happen.（未来的事无法知道）
②作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别
eg. his hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为svc结构) 可改为：collecting stamps is his hobby.
cf. he is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为svo结构)
不能改为：collecting stamps is he.
③作宾语
a. 作及物动词 的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)
eg. 2005年上海卷no.32
he got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.
a. to lose b. losing c. to be lost d. being lost
答案为b
有些动词（attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。
eg. i like swimming but i don’t like to swim in winter.
动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时，句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。
eg. i prefer to drive rather than to be driven.
i prefer driving to riding.
有些动词，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。
eg. 2005年北京卷no.30
when asked by police, he said that he remembered _____ at he party, but not ______.
a. to arrive, leaving b. to arrive, to leave c. arriving, leaving d. arriving, to leave
在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：
动词+it（形式宾语）+宾补+动名词（真正宾语）
eg. i think it no use telling them.
we think it no good inviting to him.
b. 作介词的宾语
eg. 2005年浙江卷no.3
the president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour ______ his notes.
a. bringing up b. referring to c. looking for d. trying on
be used to doing 习惯于做；look forward to doing 盼望做；devote one’s life to doing 致力于做；spent time (in) doing 花时间做；be fond of doing 喜爱做；be good at doing 擅长做；be proud of doing 为做…而自豪；be tired of doing 对做…感到厌倦；feel like doing 欲想做； go on doing 继续做（原来的事）；keep on doing 不停地做；what about doing 做…怎么样；think of doing 考虑做；be interested in doing 对做…感兴趣；have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难；be busy (in) doing 忙于做；instead of doing 做…而不做…
eg. 2005年江苏卷no.23
everybody in the village likes jack because he is good at telling and ______ jokes.
a. turning up b. putting up c. making up d. showing up
答案为c
④作定语
动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。
swimming pool waiting room walking stick
a sleeping car=a car for sleeping a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping
⑤作同位语
eg. that’s the queen’s full-time job, laying eggs. 这就是蚁后的专职工作--产卵。
2．动名词的逻辑主语
①人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格，即形容词性物主代词。
eg. do you minding my smoking here?
②逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，很少用所有格，而用普通格。
eg. he was awakened by someone knocking the door.
there’s no need for that being done.
③逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。
eg. mary’s laughing made tom angry.
there is no hoping of the factory making profit.
④在口语中，动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。
eg. 2005年安徽卷no.34
i really can’t understand _____ her like that.
a. you treat b. you to treat c. why treat d. you treating
3. 动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。
eg. after having finish his work, he went home.
he attended the meeting without being asked.
she never told me about her having been interviewed by the police.
牛津树教案篇2
教学内容：c. work in pairs d. listen and write
教学目的：
1.能熟练掌握句型“who’s taller than david? whose schoolbag is heavier, yours or mine?”并能灵活进行替换练习。
2.能听懂所听内容，提取有用信息，并用完成填空的方式重构信息。
3.在激发学生兴趣的基础上提高学生的听力。
教学重点：
1.根据提供的单词灵活替换句型。
2.根据所听内容完成信息重构。
教学难点：根据所听内容完成信息重构。
教具准备：录音机、磁带、图片等。
教学过程：
step 1 warm up
1.greetings
2. sing a song: i wish i was taller
3. free talk.
围绕本单元的b部分单词及句型“who’s…than….? whose…than…? as…as…”等句型结合学生实际与生进行闲谈。
step 2 revision
1. listen and repeat.（a部分内容）
2. look and read.
①出示b部分图片指学生读。
②小组竞赛方式，复习形容词及其比较级的读法。
3.look and write.
根据出示的单词，写出它们的比较级。如：old-older
4. look and say
①出示图片，引导生用“who’s…than…? whose…is…”进行对话。如：who’s tall(.1mi.net)er than david? gao shan is. whose schoolbag is heavier, yours or mine? yours is, i think.
②出示单词，引导生替换。
old, young, long, tall, short, fat…
step 3 presentation
1. look and say
出示图片，指导讨论图片内容。
如： how many people are there in the photo? who are they? who’s older, the man in black or in blue? who’s younger, the woman in green or in purple?
2. listen to the tape.
指导生边听边记录关键词
3. listen and repeat
4. listen and complete
5. listen and check
6. read the sentences.
step 4 homework
1. listen and read part a.
2.选择完成c部分的替换练习，并与同位操练对话。
板书内容：
句型： who’s taller than david? gao shan is.
whose schoolbag is heavier, yours or mine?
yours is. i think.
图片（c部分。d部分）
板书设计：
教后笔记：
lesson plan
school: no1. primary school, huangpu district
name: ni hongxing
book: oxford english (shanghai edition)2b unit 1
topic: farm animals
aims: 1. structures: what do you see? i see….
2. word: hen
3. function: asking ‘wh-’ questions to find out specific information
language focus: using present tense to express the thing people see
aids: computer, pictures
procedurescontentsmethodspurposeⅰ.pre-task preparation1. warming-upps: sing a songold mcdonald has a farm通过歌曲复习单词，为以后的学习做铺垫。2. questions and answershow many (chicks) are there? what animals do you like?(computer)t: ask pupils to answer the questions.pn: answer.通过复习单词的复数形式，为以后的句型操练做准备。ⅱ.while-task procedurecontent 1:i see…1. introduction:(computer)t: introduce the farm to pupils.利用电脑媒体的动感画面引出新授句子，直观形象。2. imitation:i see…1)t: ask pupils to follow. t-ps2)t: ask pupils to look at the screen and say the sentences.通过游戏的方式让学生操练句子，激发学生学习兴趣。让学生随着画面上动物数量的增多练习i see…的复数表达，提高练习效率。3.guessing game: what do you see?(computer)t: ask pupils to look at one small part of an animal and guess.pn: answer.4. questions and answers:how many (chicks) do you see?(computer)t: ask pupils to look at the increasing animals and answer the questions.ps: answer.5. conclusion:the usage of the new sentence.pa: say something about the farm.content 2: hen1. introduction:(computer)t: introduce the new word to pupils.要求学生在画面中找出母鸡，并用句子i see a hen (on)…使学生在操练新学句子的基础上拓展语言。2. imitation:hen1)t: ask pupils to follow. t-ps2)t: ask pupils to spell the word.3. singing a song:ten fat hens(computer)t: ask pupils to sing the song after the tape.ps: sing together.3. activity:find out the hens.(a picture)pg: the pupils work in groups. try to find out all the hens in the picture.content 3:what do you see?1. introduction:(computer)t: introduce the sentence to pupils.让学生在自由活动中相互交流，体现学生之间的互动原则。2. imitation:what do you see?1)t: ask pupils to follow. t-ps2)t: ask pupils to change their voices and say the sentence.3. saying a rhyme:1)t: point to the picture and say the rhyme. ps: clap hands and follow the teacher.2)t: ask pupils to make new rhymes in groups. pg: do group work.4. activity:t: ask pupils to draw pictures on the palm. then let them walk around the classroom and ask their classmates what they see.pa-pb-pcⅲ.post-task activitytalking about the pictures.(pictures)t: ask pupils to work in pairs. choose one picture and describe it.pa-pb出示多种学生所熟悉的场景，让他们自由选择，相互合作进行交流。ⅳ. assignment1. copy the new words.2. let them tell their parents what they see at school.
2b unit1 period 3（上海版牛津英语教案） 来自。
教学目标：
1.能听懂，会说，会读日常用语who’s he? he’s my father. who’s she? she’s my mother.
2.能理解，分辨单词he和she.
3.能用who句型进行自由对话。
重点难点：
1.能理解，分辨单词he和she.
2.能用who句型进行自由对话。
教学对策：
要求学生自己带父母的照片，根据图片来进行教学。
教学准备：
词语卡片、挂图
教学过程：
step1
1.greetings
t: hello.
ss: hello.
2.free talk
t: i am a girl.
s1: i am a boy.
t-ss s1-s2
step 2
1.review the words
t show pictures
ss: father mother brother sister
game:
t: my father
s1: my mother
s2: my sister…
rhyme （say and act）
2.new sentences
t: father, yes? team cat?
ss: yes.
t: he is my father.
ss: read together.
read it in different ways. （lonely, groups, different voice）
game: guess? who’s he?
t: who’s he?
s1: he’s my father…。.
t: let’s ask him together.
who’s he?
ss: follow.
ask one by one.
t: he’s my dog. （picture）
the same way to teacher: who’s she? she’s my mother.
step 3
1.read the sentences in different ways.
2.he she
t: 小朋友们你们看看这两个单词，它们有什么不同点？谁来试试？
s1: …
t: he用于男 she用于女
rhyme:
he, he, he is my father.
she, she, she is my mother.
修改：谁能试着改编这个儿歌？要求学生来编儿歌。
ss: ……。
3.read the dialogues
4.make and say
t: （使用幻灯片，变换各种人物）
who’s he/she?
s1: who’s he?
he’s my father.
others teach in the same way.
step 4 assign homework
（1）听录音，朗读a部分对话，尝试和家长进行角色对话。
（2）听录音，继续熟悉c部分歌曲
修改：教师可以先帮助学生理解其在句中的意思，带着学生逐句诵读歌谣，在学生能熟练朗读的基础上，教师可以鼓励学生对本歌谣进行适当的替换或改编。
板书设计：
unit1 my family
father brother mother sister
he she
牛津树教案篇3
教学目标：
1. 能掌握节日单词 children’s day、christmas、mid-autumn festival、dragon boat festival和spring festival。
2. 能通过课前的信息搜集，课上的团队合作以及课后的自学，掌握以下节日
new year’s day、halloween、 may day、 national day 。
3. 能掌握四会句型
when’s…?it’s in…what do people usually do at/on…?they…
4. 学生能运用本单元的四会句型和日常交际用语谈论节日中人们的活动以及自己曾做过的事。
重点难点：
1.能掌握所学节日的正确读音。
2.能熟练掌握四会句型，并能灵活进行替换训练，从而进一步来巩固一般过去时的知识。
教具准备：
多媒体课件 实物
教学过程：
step1: warming-up
1.greetings.
2.free talk.
what day is it ? what date is it today?
what do you usually do at the weekends?
(设计意图： 在上课开始，与学生亲切自然地相互问候，使学生快速进入英语学习的氛围，同时为下一步教学做铺垫。)
step2: presentation:
1. t：(教师手拿日历)what date is it?
s: it’s the first of october.
t: what holiday is on the first of october.
s: it’s national day.
t：你们还记得其他的节日吗?
ss：children’s day, teacher’s day, christmas, national day, halloween---
揭示主题： holidays
magic eyes
快速闪现学生知道的单词，学生根据图片说出相应的节日。
2. 教学 spring festival
(1)。(look at the screen)there is a duck, a cake and some fruit. oh, they are very delicious.(扮演出正在吃美味食物的样子)here“delicious”means“nice”。 (teach:delicious ←de-li-cious)
t: we can eat delicious food at spring festival.
teach: spring festival 春节
(2)。let’s read
it is a popular holiday in china. it is in january or february. people eat a lot of delicious food. they usually visit their relatives and friends.
relative means your parents,uncle,aunt,cousin,grandparents and so on.
it means…?
ss:(引导学生说出答案)it means亲戚!
t：(teach: relative ←re-la-tive)
(3)。 教学what do people usually do at spring festival?
t: what do people usually do at spring festival?
read: people 人，人们
practice: what do people usually do at spring festival?
they usually---
did you --- last spring festival?
yes, i did. no, i didn’t.
3. 教学 mid-autumn festival & dragon boat festival.
and there are some chinese traditional(传统的) festivals in china,too. we have spring festival, mid-autumn festival and dragon boat festival.
t:(show the picture of mid-autumn festival)
can you guess what fesitval it is from this picture?
ss:中秋节。
t：yes,it’s mid-autumn festival.(teach: mid-autumn festival.)
when’s spring festival?
s:it’s on the 15th of august.
t:no,it’s in september or october. (日历展示)
what do people usually do at mid-autumn festival?if you can’t say in english,you can say it in chinese.(在用英语无法表达时，允许学生用中文来补充。)
s: 吃月饼，赏月。
t：yes. they usually eat moon cake and watch the moon.
t: did you eat moon cake and watch the moon last mid-autumn festival?
ss: yes,i do.
t: i think you should say:yes,i did.
( dragon boat festival教法同上。)
4. 教学christmas
(1)guessing game
问： what holiday is it ?
(2) 教师让学生说他们所知道的关于圣诞节的知识，如圣诞老人，圣诞礼物，圣诞食 品及圣诞活动，不限定学生全部用英语表达。
t: christmas is coming. do you know anything about christmas ,e.g. presents and food?
(设计意图： 用提问的方式引出即将学习的活动，并通过讨论让学生了解有关圣诞节的文化意识。)
(3) 教师用课件创设情景： christmas tree, santa claus, new clothes, stars, give presents to each other, play with friends..
the christmas is coming. please look at these pictures and talk about the following questions.
when’s christmas?
do you like christmas? why?
what do you usually do at christmas?
(4) 学生4人一组看图片，并根据问题讨论圣诞节。
(5) 小组汇报他们讨论的情况，并通过投影呈现： 例如christmas is on the 25th of december. we like christmas because it’s interesting. there are many christmas trees and we can see them everywhere. we can also buy new clothes and give presents to each other.
(设计意图：这个活动对学生来说具有一定的挑战性，但六年级学生已基本能把老师提供的信息组合成一句话，甚至能连成一段话。通过这样的活动可以让学生把所学的知识运用于实际，使不同程度的学生都有成就感，增强自信心。)
5. the usage of “at” and “on”
t: look at the phrases carefully and find the rule by yourselves.
小组讨论 “on” 和“at”的区别
at halloween at spring festival at dragon boat festival
on new year’s day on may day on children’s day
s: we use “on” before “day”。
t：well done!
step4.practice
1.(show two pictures about part c)
t:can you use the sentences on the blackboard to make up dialogues in pairs?
t：when’s spring festival?
s:it’s in january or february.
t: what do people usually do at spring festival?
s:they eat lots of delicious food.
t:did you eat lots of delicious food last spring festival?
s:yes,i did.(picture1 t-s;picture2 s-s)
2.show time:
___________is on ______________.
children usually______________________.
did you ____________last______________?
step5: homework
1. 仿照partc编写含有以下节日的句型：new year’s day、may day、
national day
2. introduce the foreign festivals to your parents.
板书设计：
unit6 holidays
a: when’s --- ?
b: it’s in ---.
a: what do people usually do at spring festival?
b: they usually---
a: did you --- last spring festival?
b: yes, i did. no, i didn’t.
牛津树教案篇4
教学内容：《牛津小学英语》6b unit 6 f play a game g listen and repeat h sing a song.
教学目标：
1、了解字母组合ow在单词中的读音。
2、能唱歌曲will you join me?
3、熟练掌握本单元所学内容。
教学重点：熟练掌握本单元所学内容。
教学难点：了解字母组合ow在单词中的读音。
教具准备：录音机、磁带、小黑板、骰子、棋子等。
教学过程：
step1 warm up
1. greetings
2. free talk
就本单元所学的内容进行自由交谈，可采用师生间、生生间、小组间等形式进行。
step2 revision
1. 齐读e read and number。
2. 学生小组内准备朗读并表演对话。
3. 教师抽查，全班评议。
step3 presentation and consolidation
1. play a game
①教师事先布置学生根据图例，了解有关游戏规则和方法，准备好游戏工具，包括骰子和棋子。
②指导学生可在小组内开展游戏活动。
③教师抽查学生开展游戏的情况。
④教师可鼓励学生自己自创新的玩法，在游戏中进一步巩固所学知识。
2. listen and repeat
①教师让学生自己朗读单词，边读边体会字母组合ow在单词的读音。
②指导学生听录音跟读单词和句子，教师可利用图片或多媒体课件帮助学生理解句意。
③教师可指导学生朗读，也可在学生中开展朗读比赛。
④学生自己归纳整理其他例词，编写绕口令或其他句子并练习朗读。
⑤汇报结果，教师相机板书。
snowmen
snowball
row rowing
show know
snow
blow low
snowy
snowman
lower slow
slower
3. sing a song
①讲解歌词大意。
②读歌词。
③听录音。
④听录音跟唱。
step4 homework
1、全面复习本单元所学内容。
2、背诵g listen and repeat并试着归纳其它例词。
3、预习《补充习题》unit 6。
板书内容
snowball
snowmen
snowman
snowy
snow
row rowing show
blow know low
lower slow slower
板书设计：
牛津树教案篇5
英语牛津教材2bunit-6教案课题：????? unit 6 eating and drinking?????????????????????????????? 第 1 课时课型：新授教学目标basic aims: a. to learn the word: bowl???????? b. to learn some instructions: e.g. bring me a bowl.developing aims: a. give some new instructions.???????????? b. free talkeducation aims: educate the pupils to be a polite child.教 学 重点、难点、关 键give some instructions and act them out correctly.课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图step-onewarming up: sing a song?step-twopre-task preparation:???? 1、daily talk: ??1)? what do you see/hear?2)? what is it?3)? what colour is it?4)? what can you do?5)? what can (name) do???? 2、play a game: simon says??1)? come here, (name).2)? go there, (name).3)? come back, (name).4)? close the ______, please.5)? open the ______, please.6)? clean the ______, please.step-threewhile-task procedure???? 1、bowl??1)??? instruction: take out a bowl and ask: “ what is it ? ” → it’s a bowl.2)??? read: bowl → it’s a bowl.3)??? ask and answer: ? e.g. what is it? it’s a bowl. ( t --- p? →? p1 --- p2 )??? 2、bring me a bowl.1)? instruction: put a bowl on the desk. ask a pupil to come to the front and ask the pupil: “ bring me a bowl.” (using hand gestures to explain the meaning if necessary.)2)? repeat: bring → bring me → bring me a bowl.3)? say and act:a.? t: (name), bring me a ______.?? p1: ( act. ) here you are.?? t: thank you.p1: (name), bring me a ______.对句子进行扩充，使之成为一段小对话，给内容更富交际性，同时灌输学生待人接物的礼仪。?b.??????? ?课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图??? p2: ( act. ) here you are.?? p1: thank you.???? 3、bring me some milk, too.??repeat step 2 with a different pupil and instead of a bowl, say “bring me some milk, too.”??? 4、give it to kitty.??1)??? instruction: ask a pupil to come to the front and say: “ here’s a bowl. give it to kitty,(name).” (use hand gestures to explain the meaning if necessary.)2)??? repeat: give → give it to → give it to kitty.3)??? say and act:? e.g. ( take out an object.)???????????????? t: give it to (p2), p1.???????????????? p1: ( act. ) here you are.???????????????? p2: thank you. give it to (p4), p3.???????????????? p3: ( act. ) here you are.???????????????? p4: thank you. …?????????? ( then change the objects, repeat this step.)??? 5、listen and repeat: ???? 6、perform the dialogue:??1)? put the pupils into groups of three to practice the dialogue.2)? perform the dialogue.step-fourpost-task activities:???? 1)?? put some things on the desk. revise whether they are countable or uncountable nouns. then let the same groups practice the dialogue again but this time they choose what they want to be brought to them.2)?? select groups to perform the dialogue.step-fivehomework listen and repeat p27 five times.?板书设计????教具准备1、a bowl.2、a bottle of milk.3、some things: (food, stationery, …)课后小结???????????课题：????? unit 6 eating and drinking?????????????????????????????? 第 2 课时课型：新授教学目标basic aims: a. to learn the words: e.g. plate, glass …???????? b. to learn the drills: e.g. four spoons? yes, please. / no, thank you.developing aims: free talk教 学 重点、难点、关 键pronounce the words correctly.make a short dialogue.课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图step-onewarming up: sing a song?step-twopre-task preparation:???? 1、daily talk: ??1)? what do you see/hear?2)? what is it?3)? what colour is it?4)? what can you do?5)? what can (name) do???? 2、listen and act:??1)? come here, (name).2)? go there, (name).3)? come back, (name).4)? close the ______, please.5)? open the ______, please.6)? clean the ______, please.7)? bring me ________.8)? give it to (name).??? 3、pair-work:??(put the picture cards for food and drinks on the board.)e.g. p1: (p2), bring me _________. ?? p2: here you are. (p1), give it to (name).?? p1: here you are.? p3: thank you.?step-threewhile-task procedure:???? 1、plate??1)??? instruction: take out a bowl and ask: “ what is it ? ” → it’s a bowl. then take out a plate and ask: “ is it a bowl?” → no, it’s a plate.2)??? read: plate → it’s a bowl.3)??? ask and answer: ? e.g. what do you see? i see a ___. ( t --- p→p1 --- p2 )4) make a sentence use the word: plate??? 2、glass, fork, knife, spoon?课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图??the teaching method is the same to 2.???? 3、chopsticks??1)? instruction: take out a pair of chopsticks and ask: “ what is it?” → a pair of chopsticks.2)? repeat: chopsticks → a pair of → a pair of chopsticks3)? make some sentences.??? 4、consolidation:通过不同形式的游戏，对单词的音、形、意加以巩固，为下面的表达做准备。?1)? listen, repeat and draw2)? look and say3)? play the game: what is missing?4)? matching game: (picture words --- card words)5)? make a dialogue and act: (let’s act)??? 5、four spoons? yes, please./ no, thank you.??1)?? instruction: take out four spoons and ask: “ how many spoons?” → four spoons. then ask: “ four spoons?” → yes, please./ no, thank you. (use hand gestures to explain the meaning if necessary.)2)?? repeat:? a. four spoons?????????? b. yes, please. / no, thank you.3)?? ask and answer: a. t --- ask?? p --- answer.b. ask the more able pupils to ask and the pupils answer.c. work in pairs: ask and answer.????? 6、listen and repeat?step-fourpost-task activities:???? make a new dialogue and act the dialogue out. demonstrate the dialogue with a pair of more able pupils before the pupils do.step-fivehomework assignment:??listen and repeat p28 & p29 five times.2板书设计????教学具准备1、tableware.2、word cards and picture cards.3、picture cards for food and drinks.?课后小结????????????课题：????? unit 6 eating and drinking?????????????????????????????? 第 3 课时课型：新授教学目标basic aims: a. to learn the drills: what do you want? i want …???????? b. to learn the names and sounds of the letters “ x x”developing aims: free talk教 学 重点、难点、关 键ask and answer: what do you want? i want …课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图step-onewarming up: sing a song?step-twopre-task preparation:???? 1、daily talk: ??1)? what do you see/hear?2)? what is it?3)? what colour is it?4)? what can you do?5)? what can (name) do?6)? four spoons???? 2、listen and act:??1)? come here, (name).2)? go there, (name).3)? come back, (name).4)? close the ______, please.5)? open the ______, please.6)? clean the ______, please.7)? bring me ________.8)? give it to (name).??? 3、play a guessing game: what is it?复习餐具、食物单词，为下面的教学内容做准备。?(if one pupil’s answer is right, stick the picture on the board , then ask a pupil to find out the word card, at last the whole class read the word.)step-threewhile-task procedure:???? 1、x x?? x-ray??1) show the picture and ask: “what is it?” → x-ray2) repeat: x-ray 3) make some sentences.4) ask and answer: what can you see?/ what is it? …5) show the word card “x-ray”, point to the letter “x” and say: “this word begins with the letter ‘x’.” 6) repeat: x → x? /x/ → x-ray7) show the capital letter “x”, let the pupils compare the small letter “x” with the capital letter “x”.课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图??? 2、what do you want? i want …把教学内容放在一个场景中引出，从野餐前餐具的选择，到食物的选择，到最后的野餐，教学形式更贴近生活，加大了新句型的操练密度。?1) introducation: today we will have a picnic. look, we have some tableware. please choose a kind of tableware. kitty, what do you want? ( hold up a mask “kitty” and say to her ‘what do you want, kitty? ) using another voice, say ‘ i want a plate’.2) repeat: want → i want a plate.3) ask and answer: a. t ---- ask? p1 --- answerb. ask some more able pupils ask and the individual pupil answer.c. repeat: what do you want?d. ask and answer one by one.4) now let’s have picnic. what can you see on the table? ( …) please tell me what do you want. i will give you.t: (name), what do you want?p1: i want …t: here you are.p1: thank you. (name), what do you want? p2: …step-fourpost-task activities:???? make a new dialogue and act the dialogue out. demonstrate the dialogue with a pair of more able pupils before the pupils do.step-fivehomework assignment:????? 1、listen and repeat p29 & p30 five times.板书设计????教学具准备1、tableware.2、alphabet cards, word cards and picture cards.3、a mask.4、some food.?课后小结??????????课题：????? unit 6 eating and drinking?????????????????????????????? 第 4 课时课型：新授教学目标basic aims: a. to learn the adjectives: e.g. hungry & thirstydeveloping aims: free talk教 学 重点、难点、关 键1) prononce the words correctly.2) make a dialogue.课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图step-onewarming up: sing a song?step-twopre-task preparation:???? 1、daily talk: ??1)? what do you see/hear?2)? what is it?3)? what colour is it?4)? what can you do?5)? what can (name) do?6)? what do you want?7)? four apples???? 2、listen and act:??1)? come here, (name).2)? go there, (name).3)? come back, (name).4)? close the ______, please.5)? open the ______, please.6)? clean the ______, please.7)? bring me ________.8)? give it to (name).??? 3、role- play: i’m a sales clerk.??demonstrate: hello, i’m a sales clerk. what do you want?step-threewhile-task procedure:???? 1、thirsty1) ask a pupil to ask me: “ what do you want?” i will answer: “ i’m thirsty. (act.) i want some juice.” then the teacher ask: “ (name), are you thirsty? what do you want?” → thirsty2) repeat: thirsty → i’m thirsty.3) free-talk: a. i’m thirsty. i want some milk. how about you?let the pupils say something.?在巩固这一单词时，通过句子和师生间的对话进行，让学生熟悉交谈的形式，为后面的输出降低难度。?b. t: how do you feel?? p1: i’m thirsty / hungry.? t: some …? / what do you want?课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图?? p1: ? t: here you are.? p1: thank you.???? 2、hungry??the teaching method is the same to 1.??? 3、consolidation:??matching game: ??choose an adjective from the words “ hungry” and “ thirsty”, then choose some food or some drinks, then say something like this: “i’m ______. i want _______.”??? 4、listen and repeat: ?step-fourpost-task activities:让学生根据所学内容自编对话，加强学生实际运用的能力。??? make some new dialogues like this:a. p1: i’m thirsty.? p2: what do you want?? p1: i want …? p2: here you are.? p3: thank you.b. p1: i’m thirsty.? p2: some milk?? p1: yes, please. / no, thank you.( first, the teacher and some pupils demonstrate, then the pupils practice in pairs, at last perform.)step-fivehomework assignment:??listen and repeat p28 five times.2板书设计????教学具准备1、tableware.2、word cards.3、picture cards for food and drinks.?课后小结????????????课题：????? unit 6 eating and drinking?????????????????????????????? 第 5 课时课型：新授教学目标basic aims: a. to learn the story: ???????? b. to act the story.developing aims: free talk教 学 重点、难点、关 键role-play the story..make a short story.课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图step-onewarming up: sing a song?step-twopre-task preparation:???? 1、daily talk: ??1)? what do you see/hear?2)? what is it?3)? what colour is it?4)? what can you do?5)? what can (name) do???? 2、listen and act:??1)? come here, (name).2)? go there, (name).3)? come back, (name).4)? close the ______, please.5)? open the ______, please.6)? clean the ______, please.7)? bring me ________.8)? give it to (name).??? 3、matching game:??stick the picture cards for this unit on the board. show the word card for each picture to the class. have them read the word aloud. then put the word cards face down on the desk. once the pupils agree that all the words and pictures match, say them aloud again. pupils repeat one more time.??? 4、free talk: what do you like to eat or drink??step-threewhile-task procedure:???? 1、listen and try to understand:1) listen to the tape twice.2) try to answer some questions:a. is sam hungry?b. is may hungry??通过听录音，回答问题的形式，帮助学生理解和记忆故事内容，同时训练学生?c. does may want a coke?d. does sam want a pizza?e. what does their mother want?课? 序教? 学? 过? 程? 设? 计设计意图?f. do they want some ice-cream?3) open the books and listen again.4) read after the tape one sentence by one sentence.5) get the pupils in groups of four and let them role-play the story.的听力理解能力。step-fourpost-task activities:在故事的改编和角色的扮演中发挥学生的主观能动性和创造性。??? 1、?????? 2、make a new story and act it out.tell pupils to switch roles and that they can change the food/drink items to any other suitable vocabulary they are familiar with.design the menu , make a story and act it out.divide the pupils into some groups. give each group a piece of paper. ask the pupils to make a menu with some food and drinks on it. ask them to draw pictures of the food and drinks. once they have made their menu, let them make a new story according to the menu, practice the story by role-playing . ask some groups to perform their stories.step-fivehomework assignment:??listen and repeat p31 five times.2板书设计????教学具准备1、word cards and picture cards.2、picture cards for food and drinks.3、some paper.?课后小结
牛津树教案篇6
高一英语导学提纲(4)
m3u3 reading
第一课时
课前导学
一． 预习：
阅读p42-43的文章，完成c1,c2 and d1,d2,e
find out the facts and historical information about the two cities.
pompeii time event
in the 8th century
in 89 bc
on 24th aug. ad 79
in 1860
loulan years ago
from ad 200 to ad 500
100 years ago
迁移创新
both pompeii in ________and loulan in china became ____ ________ about 2000 years ago. pompeii was ________ in the 8th century bc and was _____ _______ by the romans in 89bc. on 24th aug.ad79, mount vesuvius _________ and the city were _______ __________. loulan was a _________ _________ on the silk road. it disappeared under the ________. there are just a few _________ left. some _________, such as coins and painted pots, was found.
质疑讨论
请提出预习中存在的问题。
1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
第二课时
课前导学
重要短语
1 失落的文明_______________ 2 赢得一席之地________________
3 夺取；接管______________ 4 被活埋_________________
5 在下雨天____________ 6 变成；转向；求助于___________
7 被…覆盖______________ 8 去往某处_________________
9 和；加之_______________ 10 阻止某人做某事_____________
句型
1. i feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.(l1)
?点拨】
句中的to have won a place on this trip是不定式短语作状语，表示________.
to have won是不定式的________式，表示不定式的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态___________。
不定式的一般式to do表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态___________。
bell is considered to ________________ the telephone.
贝尔被认为发明了电话。
she seems _____________________.
她好像曾经当过护士.
he is said __________________ next year.
据说他明年要出国。
2. near the city was a volcano called vesuvius.(l8)
?点拨】
本句是_____________.当句首为表示地点的介词短语，谓语动词是be, stand, sit, lie, come等动词时，为了保证句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，常使用______结构。
at the foot of the mountain stands a temple.
山脚下有一座庙。
inside the bag ____ a cellphone.
包里是一部手机。
in front of the house _______ an old man.
一个老太太坐在房前。
?提醒】当主语是代词时不用_________.
away they went.
here he comes.
3. unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city. (p.42)
?点拨1】
此句中的alive是作主语补足语，意思是“活着的”。
alive还可引申为“有活力的；有生气的；活跃的”，常作表语、宾补、主补及后置定语。
is the fish dead or alive? 这鱼是死的，还是活的？
there aren’t many pandas alive in the world today. 目前世界上活着的熊猫数量不多。
?点拨2】
so + 情态动词/助动词 + sb./sth 是一个倒装句型结构，表示上文中某人/物怎样，下文中的某人/物也怎样，其中情态动词、助动词和系动词在人称、数上要与下文的主语保持一致，在时态上与上文相一致。表否定时用neither或nor.
tom has been to beijing many times, and _________ my brother michael.
peter played basket yesterday afternoon, and ______ jack.
if you can do it, so ______ i. 如果你能做，我也能做。
if you go there, so ______ i. 如果你去， 我也将去。
tom has never been to beijing many times, _________ my brother michael.
peter didn’t play basket yesterday afternoon, _________ jack.
if you don’t go to the cinema tonight, nor shall i. 你今天晚上不去看电影，我也不会去。
?提醒】
so it is with … 和it is the same with … 既用于肯定句，也用于否定句，陈述两种(以上)的情况。
4. the city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer found some stone with writing on it. (l15)
?点拨】
此句中的with writing on it是个with的复合结构，
即“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”，这一结构的宾语补足语常见的有__________________等。
with much work to do, i had to stay at home.
因为有许多工作要做，我得呆在家。
the thief was brought in with his hands tied behind.
小偷被带进来，双手被绑在身后。
he left the small island with the fire burning.
他离开了小岛，火还燃烧着。
it’s impolite to talk with your mouth full.
满嘴东西交谈是不礼貌的。
the little boy ran along the street with nothing on.
小男孩顺着街跑，身上什么也没穿。
mr smith came into the classroom with a book in his left hand.
5. it is believed by many people to have been gradually covered by sandstorms from ad200 to ad 500.(l34)
?点拨】
本句使用了句型主语+be believed to do / to have done，常可以转化为
it is believed that…
it is believed that the environment will become better and better.
= the environment is ___________________ better and better.
he is said to have lost his wife in the fire.
= ____________________ his wife in the fire.
迁移创新：
单词巩固
1. things ____________(逐渐) improved.
2. it’s good to get back to ________(文明) after living in a tent in the remote area for two weeks.
3. it’s many years since mount vesuvius last _________(爆发).
4.___________(不幸的是), we arrived too late to catch the place.
5. i work for a __________(商业的) radio station.
6. the policeman let me off with a l_________ about speeding.
7. he was very attentive with his head b_________ in a newspaper.
8. chen kaige is one of the famous d________ in china.
9. the terrible fire d_________ most of the buildings within 20 minutes.
10. building m_________ are more and more expensive nowadays.
单项选择
1 with a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
a. settle b. settling c. to settle d. being settled
2 i have already seen that interesting film.____.
a. so does he b. so has he c. so he does d. so he has
3 he has been able to tell us about active volcanoes than any man _______.
a. live b. lively c. alive d. living
4 who do you think will _____ the company if the manager retired?
a. take over b. take off c. take in d. take on
5 --- is she in yancheng now?
--- i’m afraid not. she is said _____ abroad for two years.
a. to be b. to have been c. has been d. being
6 we were all happy _____ 51 gold medals in all in the 29th olympic games.
a. to win b. won c. winning d. to have won
7 nobody can _____ us _____ getting married. which of the following is wrong?
a. protect; from b. prevent; from c. forbid; / d. keep; from
8 the lady ______ herself mary was the hostess of this party.
a. called b. who was called c. calling d. was called
9 i find the _____ of buildings _____ under the sand.
a. remaining; buried b. remainders, bury c. remains; buried d. remains, burying
10 the most important thing about ancient civilizations is _____ part that they played in ____history.
a. 不填；不填 b. the; 不填 c. the; the d. a; the
课前导学
time events
in the 8th century it was founded.
in 89 bc it was taken over by the romans.
on 24th aug. ad 79 volcano vesuvius erupted.
in the 18th century it was discovered.
in 1860 giuseppe fiorelli was made director of the pompeii dig.
loulan 2000 years ago it was founded
from ad 200 to ad 500 it was covered over by sandstorms.
100 years ago the swedish explorer sven hedin discovered the ruins of loulan.
迁移创新
italy/lost civilizations/founded/took over/erupted/buried/stopping point/sand/ruins/treasures
重要短语
1 lost civilizations
2 win a place
3 took over
4 be buried alive
5 on rainy days
6 turn to
7 be covered over
8 be off to
9 together with
10 prevent…from
句型
1 原因/完成/之前/之后
have invented / to have been a nurse / to go abroad
2 倒装句/倒装
is / sits / 倒装
3 so has / so did / will / will / neither/nor has / neither/nor did
4 to do/doing/ done/prep. phrase/adj./adv.
5 believed to become
it is said that he has lost
单词巩固
1 gradually
2 civilizations
3 erupted
4 unfortunately
5 commercial
6 lecture
7 buried
8 directors
9 destroyed
10 materials
cbcab/daccb
牛津树教案篇7
m3 u2 words:
1. be made up of = consist of , be composed of
consist of的意思是“由……构成”，它与 make up of ， compose of 的区别在于：consist of不可用被动语态，而make up of和 compose of 可以用被动语态。例如：
1） the house consists of 6 rooms.
2） the medical team is made up of three doctors and a nurse.
3） the book is composed of 25 units.
2.occupy occupation n.占据、职业
1. occupy意为 “take up or fill (time, space, sb’s mind, etc)” “占据，充满（时间，空间，某人的头脑等）”。
e.g. the speech occupied three hours. 发言占去了三个小时。
a bed occupied the corner of the room. 一张床占去了房间的一角。
2. occupy意为 “take possession of and establish troops in (a country, position, etc)” “（军事）占领（国家、阵地等）”。
e.g. the army occupied the enemy’s capital. 军队占领了敌国首都。
3. occupy意为 “live in or have possession of (a house, land, etc)” “占用，占有（房屋、土地等）”。
e.g. the family have occupied the farm for many years.
这家人在农场已居住多年。
they occupy the house next door. 他们住在隔壁。
4. occupy oneself (in doing sth/with sth) “忙着（做某事）；忙（于某事）”。(be busy doing sth./with sth.)
e.g. how does he occupy himself now he is retired?
他既已退休，都如何打发日子呢？
n.
he is a bus driver by occupation_____________________________________
3.name after
she was named after her grandmother.
她是根据她祖母的名字命名的。
the new school was named after the famous civil rights leader.
by name名叫;用名字
in the name of以...的名义;代表stop doing that, in the name of god! 看在上帝的分上,别干了
by the name of名叫 !
know sb. by name只知道某人的名字
4. aside from=apart from /
apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：
apart from english, he has a good command of russian and french. 除英语外，他还精通俄语和法语。（= besides)
he has no interests, apart from his work. 他除了自己的工作外，没什么兴趣爱好。（= except )
it’s a good paper, apart from a few spelling mistakes. 这是一篇好论文，只是有几处拼写错误。（= except for)
aside from 类似于apart from的用法。
1除…之外
everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance. 除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外, 四周一片寂静。
aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
除了有趣与运动外，游泳还是个很有用的技能。
2既…又…
i didn't accept the job because it was badly paid and aside from that, it wasn't very interesting. 我没接受这个工作, 因为工资既少, 又非常乏味。
5.contribution contribute
make a great contribution to
contribute to捐（款）；投（稿）；贡献；有助于
contribute to a literary journal 向文学杂志投稿
contribute to the furtherance of. 对促进……的发展起作用。
contribute to the red cross 捐助红十字会
6.defeat beat
beat和defeat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg:
we beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。
in the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击（打）败。
7.take control of
lose control of
beyond control 无法控制
in control (of) 控制(住),管理
out of control 不受控制
under control 被控制住
keep...under control 对...加以控制
under the control of 受...的管理(或管辖),受...的控制
have (no) control over (of)能(不能)控制...
8.lead to =result in
1. such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
2. too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
9.replace vt. 取代 =take the place of 放回原处
nothing can replace a mother's love. 什么都无法取代母爱。
we've replaced the old adding machine with a computer
我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器
he replaced the book in the shelf
10. entire = whole
whole n.全部, 全体, 整体, 完全之体系
adj.所有的, 完整的, 完全的, 纯粹的, 未损伤的, 未打破的
adv.完全, 整个
entire adj.全部的, 完整的, 整个
entire 与 whole 在许多情况下可以通用。例如：
the people‘s government has the support of the entire(whole) population . 人民政府得到全民的支持。
whole 常用来强调某事物的完整性，即没有任何部分被忽略或舍去相当于 every part. 在日常语言中，whole 远比 entire 用得多。例如：
one day the police even used their sticks during a peaceful march by blacks , and this was seen across the whole country on tv . (也可用 entire) 有一天，黑人在进行和平进军的时候，警察使用了警棍，这个情景全国的电视上都看到了。
entire 可以修饰抽象名词，whole 则不能。如：
this would destroy the entire peace of the middle east .
这将会破坏整个中东和平。
11.therefore
therefore有两种用法，一在整句中，一在分句中。therefore是副词，但有时具有连词作用。
一、整句中时一般不放句末，句首后要有逗号，句中1、按一般副词使用2、做插入语
eg.1、therefore，we must learn english well.
2、they therefore can learn english well.
3、many fast food restaurant ,therefore, have red furniture or walls.
二、用在分句中，即一个句子一部分表示原因一部分表示结果。
这时一般词前要用分号，其后用不用逗号无所谓。若第二个分句前是逗号或无符号，则要注意therefore是副词，和so不一样，要保持句子完整，应用and therefore。
eg.1、i had a headache; therefore i could not go to your party.
2、i was ill, and therefore could not come.
3、these birds are very beautiful and therefore liked by many people.
12. distinction n. 差别,区别;特性,特征;卓著,荣誉
the chief distinction of chinese food
中国食品的主要特征
a writer of distinction
一位卓越的作家
academic distinctions
学术上的荣誉
there is no appreciable distinction between the twins.
在这对孪生子之间看不出有什么明显的差别。
his distinction of sound is excellent.
他辨别声音的能力很强。
distinguish v. 区分、辨别 distinguish...from... 辨别, 识别; 把...和...区别??
distinguish right from wrong
明辨是非
distinguish good from evil
分辨善恶
13. concern n. 关心、忧虑、vt.涉及、使担忧 对。。。感兴趣
andrew expressed his concern. 安德鲁表示了他的关切。
be concerned about /for 关心，挂念；(没什么太大区别 几乎可以通用 但书面的正式用语多是be concerned about )
be concerned with 关系到，涉及 (指的是和某事或某人有联系 不涉及内心感受)
be concerned over sth. 为某事忧虑
be concerned in sth. 也是-- 和某事有牵连 有关联的意思
ex: the conference was concerned ___ the global reforms of the financial system，and every leader present was concerned ___ interests of his own country.
a with；about b over；about c for；in d about；with
14.access have access to
1. 接近,进入;接近的机会,进入的权利;使用[u][(+to)]
only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.
只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。
2. 通道,入口,门路[c][u][(+to)]
the only access to their house is along that narrow road.
ex: translate the sentence:
市民可以免费使用这个图书馆。____________________________________
he is a man of easy access. _________________________________________
15.differ from = be different from
tom ____his father in character and some everyday habits
16. stand for =symbolize /represent
what do the letters un stand for?
the american flag stands for freedom and justice.
美国国旗代表自由及公平
16.simplify v. simple adj. simplified adj.
the subject is immensely complex, and hard to simplify.
这个题目非常复杂,并且很难简化。
17.as a whole
as a whole our efforts did not prove to be futile.
总体说来，我们的努力没有白费。
the population as a whole is/are in favour of the reform.
全体人民普遍拥护改革。
18.indicate vt. 显示、表示、象征、暗示
the results indicate the need for more work.
结果表明，还有更多的工作需要做。
the light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.
电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。
19. convenient adj. convenience inconvenient
convenient意为“方便的”，常用于it is convenient (for sb) to do ….或sth. is convenient to sb. 结构.不可以说: if you are convenient
will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 明天就开始工作你觉得方便吗
ex: come and see me whenever _____ .
a: you are convenient b: you will be convenient
c: it is convenient to you d: it will be convenient to you
20. thus
a society is thus made up of people from all walks of life. thus在这里是“如此这样”的意思。就是说：社会就是这样的鱼龙混杂（由各种各样的人组成）。
he didn't work hard. thus he was fired.
